Antidepressant Cessation: Reasons, Symptoms, and Further Information
Antidepressant medication can be a lifesaver for many individuals struggling with depression and anxiety. However, stopping these medications can sometimes lead to a condition known as antidepressant withdrawal or discontinuation syndrome. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of this syndrome, its symptoms, duration, and advice on tapering off antidepressants.
Common symptoms experienced when stopping antidepressants include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nervousness or anxiety, brain zaps, fatigue, headaches, heart racing, loss of appetite, mood changes such as agitation, irritability, or anxiety, muscle aches, sweating, trouble sleeping, vivid dreams or nightmares, sensory disturbances like tingling or burning sensations, flu-like symptoms, emotional lability, crying spells, panic attacks, tremor, and imbalance [1][2][3][4].
The duration of these symptoms varies greatly, with most symptoms resolving within a few weeks. However, some symptoms may linger for a couple of months, particularly in people who have taken antidepressants for long periods. Rarely, symptoms may persist for a year or longer [1][2]. It is essential to note that withdrawal symptoms tend to be more common and severe with rapid discontinuation, which is why gradual tapering is recommended.
Large studies indicate that although dizziness and other mild symptoms are common within the first two weeks, the overall severity of discontinuation symptoms is typically mild and not clinically severe for most patients. Additionally, withdrawal is not commonly associated with a relapse of depression itself—if mood symptoms worsen, it may indicate the return of the underlying condition rather than withdrawal effects [3][4][5].
When it comes to the half-life of an antidepressant, this can affect the symptoms experienced when stopping the medication. For instance, antidepressants with a short half-life, such as venlafaxine and trazodone, can cause more side effects and be harder to stop taking. In contrast, antidepressants with a long half-life, such as fluoxetine and citalopram, can still cause symptoms when stopped [6].
A doctor will often advise an individual to stop taking antidepressants gradually, known as tapering. Approximately 50% to 80% of people who suddenly stop taking antidepressants may experience withdrawal symptoms. Family and friends can support a person during this process [7].
It is crucial to remember that antidepressants do not cause physical dependence, but stopping them can cause withdrawal symptoms. If you or someone you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts while going through withdrawal, it is vital to seek urgent support. Supportive psychotherapy may also help during this process [8].
The time it takes to taper off antidepressants will depend on the drug and how long a person has been taking it. Getting sufficient rest, eating well, and exercising regularly can reduce symptoms for some people [9].
In case of a crisis, helplines are available for support. In the United States, the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is available at 1-800-273-8255, and the 988 Lifeline is expected to launch in July 2022.
In conclusion, discontinuing antidepressants can produce a range of mostly mild-to-moderate symptoms affecting the body and mood, usually resolving within weeks but sometimes lasting months. Gradual tapering is strongly advised to minimize these effects. If you or someone you know is considering stopping antidepressants, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for guidance.
Antidepressant withdrawal or discontinuation syndrome can cause a variety of symptoms beyond dizziness and nausea, such as asthma-like symptoms, muscle aches, and insomnia [1]. The duration of these symptoms can extend beyond a few weeks, especially for those who have been on antidepressants for an extended period [2]. While the severity of discontinuation symptoms is typically mild, it can be more severe with rapid discontinuation, emphasizing the importance of gradual tapering [3]. Mental health conditions like anxiety and depression can be exacerbated during the withdrawal process, making mental health support crucial [8]. Additionally, it is essential to recognize that antidepressants do not cause physical dependence but can elicit withdrawal symptoms, requiring healthcare professional consultation before stopping [8]. Lastly, in case of a crisis, helplines are available for immediate support in the United States, with the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 and the 988 Lifeline expected to launch in July 2022 [11].
