Autism Spectrum Disorder: Early Signs and Diagnosis
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that often shows early signs during infancy and early childhood. These initial symptoms can include delays in language and social development, which may become evident between 12 and 24 months of age.
Early indicators of ASD can be subtle. Parents might notice a delay in their child's language development or a lack of interest in social interactions. As autistic children begin to speak, they may use language differently, such as talking in an unusual tone or showing signs of hyperlexia, where they can read words but struggle with comprehension. Other communication challenges can include difficulties with expressive and receptive language, forming grammatically correct sentences, or understanding spoken language. Additionally, autistic children might face difficulties with school-related skills like reading, writing, and math, and may exhibit reduced or distressing eye contact, or persistent inner restlessness.
To be diagnosed with ASD, a person must display symptoms in at least two of the following areas: communication, social interaction, and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior or activities. These can manifest as repetitive movements, obsessive interests, or unusual sensory sensitivities. Genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the development of ASD. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) currently recognises five ASD subtypes or specifiers, reflecting the wide range of symptoms and severity levels within the autism spectrum.
ASD is a complex condition with varied symptoms that typically become apparent during early childhood. Early identification and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with ASD. If you suspect your child may be showing signs of autism, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation.
