Connection between Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Common Factors and Risks
Breast and ovarian cancers share substantial genetic and lifestyle risk factors, making it more likely for individuals who have one form of the disease to develop the other. A significant connection exists for individuals who carry mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
Research suggests that those who have had breast cancer might have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, especially if the breast cancer is linked to genetic mutations BRCA1 or BRCA2. This elevated risk stems from underlying genetic factors, rather than the disease itself. According to some studies, people with breast cancer are approximately twice as likely to develop subsequent primary ovarian cancer. In contrast, those with ovarian cancer have a 1.6-fold increased risk of subsequent breast cancer, although this risk varies with time since the first cancer diagnosis.
A family history, older age, overweight or obesity, not carrying a pregnancy to term, not breastfeeding, and hormone therapy after menopause are other shared risk factors for both breast and ovarian cancers. According to research, around 12% of Ashkenazi Jewish women have a higher prevalence of BRCA mutations that contribute to breast and ovarian cancer risk.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are crucial in repairing DNA damage. When mutated, they significantly increase the lifetime risks for both breast and ovarian cancers. Approximately 4–5% of women with breast cancer and around 15% of women with ovarian cancer may carry germline BRCA mutations. These mutations confer a high cumulative risk, with 72% and 69% risk for breast cancer and 44% and 17% risk for ovarian cancer by age 80, for BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively.
Regular screenings, genetic testing, and lifestyle changes may help reduce the risk for those at higher risk. People carrying genetic mutations might consider additional options such as prophylactic surgeries, which remove organs or tissues to prevent cancer occurrence or spread.
While having a history of breast or ovarian cancer is unchangeable, managing it involves careful monitoring, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, preventive medical procedures. Regular mammograms, breast MRI scans, pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, and CA-125 blood tests are part of these screenings. Addressing modifiable risk factors, such as maintaining a moderate weight, engaging in regular exercise, reducing alcohol intake, and discussing oral contraceptive options with a doctor can also help lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
A 2020 observational study suggests that people diagnosed with both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer have relatively favorable overall survival rates, with five- and ten-year rates of approximately 90%. The outlook tends to be more positive when the interval between the two diseases is longer. Various factors can affect a person's outlook. Anyone seeking more information about their individual outlook should speak with their healthcare team.
People should also stay vigilant for signs of recurrence or a second cancer after a previous diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer, as early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. People with ovarian cancer may also have an increased risk of developing bladder, bile duct, colorectal, acute leukemia, or melanoma of the eye.
For more evidence-based information and resources on cancer, visit our dedicated hub. Anyone experiencing symptoms of breast or ovarian cancer or with a personal or family history of these diseases should speak with a doctor, especially for signs of recurrence. Doing so can play a significant role in improving outcomes.
- Research indicates that individuals who have previously had breast cancer may face an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, particularly if the breast cancer is linked to genetic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2.
- Both breast and ovarian cancers share common risk factors, such as a family history, older age, overweight or obesity, not carrying a pregnancy to term, not breastfeeding, and hormone therapy after menopause.
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, significant in DNA damage repair, can significantly increase the lifetime risks for both breast and ovarian cancers when mutated, with around 4–5% of women with breast cancer and 15% of women with ovarian cancer potentially carrying germline BRCA mutations.
- Managing breast or ovarian cancer involves regular screenings, genetic testing, and lifestyle changes, including maintaining a moderate weight, regular exercise, reducing alcohol intake, and discussing oral contraceptive options with a doctor.
- People diagnosed with both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer may have relatively favorable overall survival rates, and the outlook tends to be more positive when the interval between the two diseases is longer; however, it is crucial for individuals to remain vigilant for signs of recurrence or a second cancer.
