Connection between Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Identified Links and Risk Factors
Laying it All Bare: The Connection Between Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Got a family history of breast and ovarian cancer? You might want to read up. These two types of cancer share more than just the suffix -cancer. Let's dive into the gritty details.
First things first, there's a well-established, kinked chain between these two cancer types, thanks to some genetic factors. It's not a stretch to say that individuals with genetic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes could end up with both.
So, what's the big fuss about BRCA1 and BRCA2? These genes are like your body's built-in DNA repair crew. They help fix any breaks in your DNA, which is particularly important when it comes to cancer. When things go wrong with these genes—like mutations—your body can't patch up DNA as efficiently, leading to a buildup of genetic damage that could, eventually, lead to cancer.
Now, let's talk about shared risk factors. Older age and overweight or obesity are common culprits for both cancers. Interestingly enough, not carrying a pregnancy to term, never having children, and not breastfeeding can also boost your risk. On a brighter note, some of these risk factors can be managed, such as maintaining a moderate weight.
Moving on, we've got a question that's been buzzing around—do breast and ovarian cancers increase the risk of each other? The answer is a resounding yes! If you've had breast cancer, your risk of developing ovarian cancer may double. For those with ovarian cancer, the risk of getting breast cancer increases by around 60%.
[Here's where we delve into the nitty-gritty of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.] Researchers have found that around 40% of families with ovarian and breast cancer have BRCA1 gene mutations, while about 20% have BRCA2 mutations. Many of these mutations lead to a high risk of both cancers [5].
Other risk factors for breast and ovarian cancers include a family history of either cancer, hormone therapy after menopause, age (ovarian cancer typically occurs in people over 40 years, while breast cancer is more common in those ages 55 and older), and never having children or having a first child after age 30 [2].
So, can people reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer? Well, if you've got a family history of these cancers, it's crucial to keep a close eye on your health. Regular check-ups, mammograms, MRI scans, pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, and CA-125 blood tests can help catch any potential issues before they become a problem [2]. Genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant mutations can also help guide your health management approach.
For those with a higher risk, your doctor may recommend preventive measures like prophylactic surgeries—removing organs or tissues to prevent the occurrence or spread of cancer [3].
When it comes to changeable risk factors, keeping a moderate weight, engaging in regular exercise, limiting alcohol intake, and taking certain contraceptives can help reduce your risk [2].
[Here's an interesting tidbit]—a 2020 observational study found that people diagnosed with both primary breast and ovarian cancer had a relatively favorable outlook. With 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of around 90%, their prognosis was relatively positive. [4]
If you're wondering about the future or wish to dig deeper, it's best to chat with your healthcare team. They'll be able to give you insights tailored to your unique situation.
Lastly, always stay vigilant for signs of breast or ovarian cancer, especially if you've had either of these cancers before. Early detection and prompt treatment are key to improved outcomes.
For more evidence-based information on cancer, visit our dedicated cancer hub.
[Here are some FAQs] For example, people with ovarian cancer may have an increased risk of other cancers, such as bladder cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer, acute leukemia, and melanoma of the eye. On the flip side, breast cancer can metastasize to the ovaries, though this is relatively uncommon [1].
High-risk individuals for ovarian cancer may include those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, a family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome, endometriosis, never having been pregnant, having had a late first pregnancy, or being over age 40. [1]
- Individuals with genetic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes may have a heightened risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancer.
- A family history of breast and ovarian cancer can be a precursor to these cancer types due to the genetic link shared between them.
- Maintaining a moderate weight, engaging in regular exercise, limiting alcohol intake, and taking certain contraceptives are some ways to potentially reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
- Regular check-ups, mammograms, MRI scans, pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, and CA-125 blood tests can help detect potential issues with breast and ovarian cancer early.
- If one has had breast cancer, the risk of developing ovarian cancer may double, and vice versa, the risk of getting breast cancer increases by around 60% in those with ovarian cancer.
- People diagnosed with both primary breast and ovarian cancer may have relatively favorable 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of around 90%.
