Distinction between Manic Depression and Bipolar Disorder: Exploring the Evolution
In the mid-1800s, German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin classified the symptoms of mania and depression as 'manic-depressive insanity,' marking a significant milestone in the understanding of this complex mental health condition.
The roots of bipolar disorder can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophy, with references to mania and depression found in the works of Hippocrates and Aretaeus. However, it was not until the late 20th century that the term 'manic-depressive psychotic syndrome' was renamed to 'bipolar disorder' to better reflect the characteristic alternating mood episodes between mania and depression.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-3, released in the 1980s, provided clear-cut criteria for bipolar disorder, which was then officially renamed as such. The DSM-3 expansion and improvement of diagnostic criteria included definitive criteria for manic and depressive episodes, hypomania, and other variations of the condition.
The most common type of bipolar disorder is Bipolar I disorder, characterised by full-blown manic episodes. However, there are other types as well. Bipolar II disorder involves alternating episodes of depression and hypomania, while Cyclothymic disorder, also known as cyclothymia, is characterised by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that do not meet the full criteria for a manic or depressive episode.
It's important to note that not everyone with bipolar disorder experiences manic episodes. Some may only experience depressive episodes, while others may have a more stable mood.
Bipolar disorder affects tens of millions of adults and adolescents in the United States alone, emphasising the need for increased awareness and understanding of this mental health condition. The National Alliance on Mental Illness emphasises the importance of language in breaking down mental health stigma, encouraging the use of conscious, relatable, and inclusive language when discussing mental health.
Using thoughtful, relatable, and inclusive language can make it easier for people to speak up about their mental health, and can help diminish the stigma surrounding mental health. Discussing mental health using conscious language is crucial, as certain words, such as 'maniac,' can perpetuate harmful stereotypes about people with mental health conditions.
There are various resources available for learning more about bipolar disorder, its causes, symptoms, differences, and management. These resources can provide valuable information and support for those living with bipolar disorder and their loved ones.
The DSM-3 classification of bipolar disorder helped reduce the stigma associated with the condition by offering a more empathetic and accurate description of people living with it. By understanding and using appropriate language, we can continue to break down the stigma surrounding mental health and create a more inclusive and supportive society for those living with bipolar disorder.
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