Enzyme Marker Tests: Essential Tools for Health Diagnosis
Enzyme marker tests are crucial tools in diagnosing various health conditions. These routine blood tests measure specific enzyme activity in the body, requiring no fasting or special preparation. Let's delve into the significance of these tests and their applications.
Enzymes are complex proteins found in every organ and cell, facilitating chemical changes in the body. They aid digestion and blood clotting, and their levels can indicate various health conditions. One such enzyme is creatine phosphokinase (CPK), which exists in several isoenzymes, each with its own significance.
CPK-1 is predominantly found in the brain and lungs. Increased levels can signal conditions like brain cancer, injury, or seizure. On the other hand, CPK-2 levels rise following a heart attack, open heart surgery, or heart muscle inflammation. Normal levels for CPK-2 and troponin, another heart enzyme marker, are below 25 UI/L and 0.02 ng/mL, respectively. Other common enzyme markers include lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).
Liver enzymes like ALT and AST indicate liver function and injury. Normal levels vary by gender, with men typically having higher levels than women. CPK-3 levels can indicate muscle stress, dystrophy, or injury from causes like muscle damage, intramuscular injections, or strenuous exercise.
Enzyme marker tests play a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the heart, liver, muscles, and brain. They are routine blood tests with minimal risks, including minor discomfort, bruising, and rare complications. Understanding these tests can help individuals better manage their health and seek timely medical attention when needed.
