Infiltrating Homes in Florida: These Insects, Carriers of a Potent Parasite, Identified as Kissing Bugs
In Florida, the risks of Chagas disease transmission by kissing bugs (Triatoma sanguisuga) are growing significantly. Recent research reveals that about 30% of these bugs, found both indoors and outdoors, carry the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, the causative agent of Chagas disease [2][3].
These blood-sucking insects, similar to bedbugs, are notorious for feeding on human blood as well as on wildlife like opossums and raccoons, which serve as reservoir hosts, sustaining the parasite in the environment [2][3]. Alarmingly, they often reside near or even inside human dwellings—particularly in woodpiles, sleeping areas, and food preparation spaces [1][3].
Shortly after feeding, triatomines defecate, and because the parasite is transmitted via contact with infected feces near the bite site or mucous membranes, this behaviour facilitates stercoral transmission to humans [1]. Furthermore, environmental changes and climate change may favour the geographical expansion and population growth of these vectors in Florida and the southeastern US [1].
To combat this growing threat, public awareness and education about kissing bugs and Chagas disease risk are key components of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy being developed. Residents are encouraged to recognise and take precautions against the bugs [1]. IPM strategies focus on reducing bug habitat near homes, such as removing woodpiles and debris where bugs hide, sealing cracks and openings in houses, and minimising wildlife reservoirs near residences [1].
Since bugs are nocturnal and attracted to lights, using screens on windows and doors and reducing outdoor lighting at night can help reduce indoor intrusion [3]. Prompt identification and removal of kissing bugs found indoors are important to minimise the chance of bites and subsequent infection [1].
Ongoing research aims to refine evidence-based IPM approaches to reduce transmission risk in Florida, adapting to environmental and ecological factors influencing vector populations [1]. While the exact risk of Chagas disease for residents in Florida and elsewhere is still unclear and requires more research, the findings suggest that the conditions for Chagas disease to spread are present in Florida and other nearby states [1].
In the chronic phase of Chagas disease, up to a third of people may develop serious health problems such as an enlarged heart and colon, or heart failure [4]. Chagas disease can occur in two stages: acute and chronic. Only several species of kissing bugs are known to regularly infest humans [4].
Study senior researcher Samantha Wisely advises not to keep woodpiles near homes or pets' sleeping areas [5]. Pesticides can be used to control kissing bug populations, but it's important to follow safety guidelines and consult with a professional [5]. The study, published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, does not confirm that Florida residents are getting infected with Chagas by their local kissing bugs [5].
However, the findings suggest that Chagas disease can make inroads into the southeastern U.S., highlighting the importance of continued research and preventative measures to protect public health.
- To reduce the risk of Chagas disease transmission from kissing bugs (Triatoma sanguisuga), an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy is being developed, emphasizing public awareness and education about the bugs.
- IPM strategies for kissing bugs include measures like removing woodpiles and debris where bugs hide, sealing cracks and openings in houses, and minimising wildlife reservoirs near residences.
- Ongoing research focuses on refining evidence-based IPM approaches to reduce Chagas disease transmission risks, taking into account environmental and ecological factors influencing the vectors' populations.
- In the chronic phase of Chagas disease, up to a third of people may develop serious health problems such as an enlarged heart, colon, or heart failure, underscoring the importance of preventative measures against chronic diseases related to kissing bugs and health-and-wellness.
