Pregnancy diarrhea: Regularity, reasons, and remedies
Diarrhea is a common condition that can affect pregnant women, though the prevalence in pregnant women is not well-researched. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on the causes, symptoms, and management of diarrhea during pregnancy.
Diarrhea during pregnancy can be attributed to several factors, including hormonal changes, dietary alterations, stress, and sometimes side effects of supplements or infections. Elevated prostaglandins and other hormones can alter gastrointestinal motility, leading to diarrhea. Sudden changes in diet, increased consumption of junk food due to cravings, and pregnancy-related stress may also contribute to diarrhea, particularly in the first trimester.
Common symptoms of infectious diarrhea include loose, watery stools, bloody stools, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, dizziness, and lightheadedness. Pregnant women should seek immediate medical attention if they experience symptoms such as stools containing blood or pus, diarrhea lasting longer than 48 hours, six or more loose stools in a 24-hour period, a fever of 102°F (39°C) or higher, frequent vomiting, severe pain in the rectum or abdomen, or symptoms of dehydration.
Management of diarrhea in pregnancy primarily focuses on hydration, diet, rest, and medical advice. Staying well-hydrated with plenty of fluids is crucial to prevent dehydration from diarrhea. Eating small, light, and easily digestible meals while avoiding foods that irritate the stomach or bowel is also advised. Adequate rest helps the body recover, particularly if diarrhea is caused by an infection or stress.
In cases where diarrhea persists more than a day, worsens, or is accompanied by other symptoms, seeking medical care is essential. A healthcare provider can rule out serious causes and advise safe treatments. It is important to note that over-the-counter anti-diarrhea medicines should not be taken during pregnancy unless prescribed by a doctor, as safety may be a concern.
Certain medications, such as Misoprostol, can cause diarrhea as a side effect due to increased water and electrolyte absorption in the stomach. On the other hand, medications like Imodium are effective for treating short-term diarrhea, but the ACG found no association between taking Imodium during the first trimester of pregnancy and major fetal abnormalities. However, the safety of Imodium in later stages of pregnancy and long-term use is not well-established.
The ACG do not recommend taking the antidiarrheal medications diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil) or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus. Pepto-Bismol may increase the risk of low birth weight, neonatal hemorrhage, and perinatal mortality. Lomotil can harm the fetus in the second and third trimesters.
In addition to medications, certain foods can make diarrhea worse, such as dairy products, anything high in fat or sugar, and drinks containing caffeine. Examples of bland foods that can help restore electrolytes lost from diarrhea include applesauce, bananas, plain potatoes, rice, Saltine crackers, and toast. Drinking plenty of water and clear broths or soups can also help prevent dehydration during diarrhea.
For pregnant women with severe dehydration, a doctor may suggest an oral rehydration solution. It is crucial to speak to a doctor before taking any medications for diarrhea during pregnancy to ensure the safety of both the woman and the fetus.
In summary, diarrhea during pregnancy is commonly caused by hormonal changes, dietary alterations, stress, and sometimes side effects of supplements or infections. Management involves supportive care including hydration, diet modification, rest, and medical consultation when needed. Pregnant women should seek immediate medical attention if they experience severe or lasting diarrhea to rule out serious causes and ensure the health of both themselves and their unborn child.
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