Shielding Pacemakers from Smartphones and Power Lines: A Guide
In the realm of medical technology, the safety of devices like pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is paramount. Recent studies and guidelines continue to support the "6-inch rule" for maintaining a safe distance between these medical devices and mobile devices such as smartphones and Bluetooth headphones.
The "6-inch rule" is based on minimising potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) between these devices. According to studies, Bluetooth devices, which use low-power radio frequency signals, do not pose a significant risk to pacemaker or ICD functionality when used correctly. However, the conservative approach of maintaining a safe distance is still recommended.
The FDA and other health organisations continue to advise keeping wireless devices at a safe distance from pacemakers and ICDs to ensure safety, even though the risk of interference is considered minimal with proper use. Some doctors also recommend holding phones to the ear furthest from the cardiac device.
Technology advancements have improved the resilience of medical devices against external interference. Yet, the principle of caution remains. The "6-inch rule" serves as a precautionary measure to ensure safety, given the variability in device sensitivity and the potential for unforeseen interactions.
In a study involving over 300 participants, only one participant was affected by smartphone use placed directly over the implantation site of a cardiac device. This disruption can cause irregular heartbeats or trigger an ICD to shock the heart back into normal rhythm.
Another European study indicated that smartphones can disrupt pacemakers by mistaking interference from a smartphone's electromagnetic field for a cardiac signal. Glitches from smartphone use are not common but still possible.
High-voltage power lines and substations could potentially trigger problems for pacemakers and ICDs, but it's unlikely, according to a second European study. To eliminate all risk, it is advisable to avoid placing mobile devices directly over the implantation site of a cardiac device.
Dr. Wilkoff, who was not involved in the study, states that even in worst-case scenario testing of mobile devices, there is little to worry about for people with pacemakers and ICDs. However, he notes that magnets in devices like the Apple Watch and Fitbits are another mild threat to those with pacemakers.
For the vast majority of people with pacemakers or ICDs, the risk of any environmental interference is minimal, according to Dr. Wilkoff. Researchers found no major concern for people who wear cardiac devices as long as they're programmed normally.
In conclusion, recent studies and guidelines suggest that the "6-inch rule" remains a prudent guideline for minimising the risk of electromagnetic interference with pacemakers and ICDs, despite advancements in technology. It is essential for individuals with these medical devices to continue following these guidelines to ensure their safety.
