Uncovering Pulmonaria (and Practical Applications)
Lungwort, scientifically known as Pulmonaria officinalis, is a fascinating plant that serves as both a medicinal herb and an edible wild green. This evergreen perennial is native to Europe and parts of Asia, and has naturalized in some areas of North America.
The basal rosette of Lungwort typically produces lanceolate to oval leaves, which are petioled, or attached to the stem by a small stalk. These leaves may have heart-shaped or gradually narrowing bases and blunt or pointed tips, and are often covered in rough-feeling hairs.
One of the most striking features of Lungwort is its flowers. They emerge pink before maturing to a rose violet and finally blue. These bell or funnel-shaped blooms, about 3⁄4 inches long, form on forked clusters at the top of the flower stem in the spring. The leaves of most species, including Common Lungwort, feature prominent spots in blue, black, pale green, or whitish.
Lungwort has a long history in herbal medicine. It has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including stomach and intestinal issues, breathing ailments, coughs, colds, kidney and urinary tract issues, and more. A recent study suggests that Lungwort may have properties that make it good candidates for use against chronic or infectious diseases.
Moreover, Lungwort is a common wild green available in April and May, depending on location. It does best in partial to full shade, moist, rich, well-drained soil, and calcareous, clay-loam, and rocky soils. Lungwort may reach up to 12 inches tall and 2 feet wide, and it spreads by slowly creeping underground rhizomes, forming patches of plants.
In addition to its medicinal properties, Lungwort leaves and flowers are edible and can be eaten raw or cooked. They add a unique flavour and a pop of colour to salads, soups, and other dishes. The three most common types of Lungwort cultivated in gardens are Pulmonaria officinalis, Pulmonaria saccharata, and Pulmonaria longifolia. These species are favoured for their early spring flowers and attractive spotted leaves.
Lastly, it's worth noting that Lungwort is an astringent, believed to have a drying effect on some skin issues. This property, combined with its medicinal and edible qualities, makes Lungwort a versatile and interesting plant to explore.
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